Imvelaphi yeeFireworks

Iifireworks zilandelela iingcambu zazo kwiChina yaMandulo malunga ne-7th-9th inkulungwane ngexesha leTang Dynasty (618-907 CE). Ukuveliswa kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokufunyanwa kwesibhamu, umxube we-saltpeter (i-potassium nitrate), isulfure kunye namalahle. Ngokutsho kwentsomi, ingcali yealchemist yaseTshayina yenza ngempazamo irhuluwa ngelixa izama ukwenza i-elixir yokungafi. Iifirecrackers zangaphambili, ezenziwe ngokuhlohla irhuluwa kwiityhubhu ze-bamboo, zazisetyenziselwa ukugxotha imimoya engendawo ngexesha lemibhiyozo nemibhiyozo.

Uphuhliso lwezembali

1. Ubukhosi beNgoma (960–1279 CE)

Iifireworks zaguquka zaba yimiboniso yasemoyeni engaqhelekanga. Impuku ephuhlisiwe yaseTshayina (izixhobo ezifana nerokethi) kunye nerhuluwa edibeneyo kunye netyhubhu yephepha ukwenzela ukudubula okukhulu. Iifireworks zaba yinxalenye yezithethe zonqulo, uloyiso lwasemkhosini nakwimibhiyozo yasebukhosini.

2. Ukusasazeka kuMbindi Mpuma naseYurophu

Ngokusebenzisa iSilk Road kunye nohlaselo lwaseMongol, ubugcisa berhuluwa bafikelela kwihlabathi lama-Arabhu ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ngenkulungwane ye-14, amajoni nabarhwebi baseYurophu beza neziqhushumbisi eItali naseJamani. Igama elithi "firework" kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisuka kwi-Italian fuochi d'artificio (imililo eyenziweyo).

3. I-Renaissance Yurophu (15th–17th Century)

Amagcisa amaTaliyane namaJamani acokisa iifireworks zaba ziindlela zobugcisa. Intsapho yaseBerenice e-Italiya yaba yi-pyrotechnicians eyaziwayo. Iifireworks zazifuzisela amandla kunye nobutyebi bookumkani baseYurophu. UElizabeth I waseNgilani wenza imiboniso emikhulu, yaye uLouis XIV waseFransi wayifaka kwimiboniso yaseVersailles.

4. 18th–19th Century Innovations

Iikhemisti ezifana noConte Alessandro Volta kunye noClaude-Louis Berthollet bazama ngeetyuwa zentsimbi ukuvelisa amadangatye anemibala (umzekelo, istrontium ebomvu, ikopolo ngeblue). I-Industrial Revolution yenza ukuba kwenziwe imveliso ngobuninzi, okwenza ukuba iziqhumane zifikeleleke eluntwini.

IiFireworks zangoku (20th-21st Century)

Ukuqhubela phambili kwetekhnoloji: Iinkqubo zokudubula ezifakwe kwikhompyuter, umculo ohambelanayo, kunye nemiboniso ephuculweyo ye-LED (umzekelo, iminyhadala yeOlimpiki, uBusuku bangaphambi koNyaka oMtsha eSydney okanye eDubai).

Ukhuseleko noMgaqo: Imithetho engqongqo yanciphisa iingozi; iifireworks ezinobuhlobo nendalo zisebenzisa iikhompawundi ezityebile ngenitrogen zinciphisa ungcoliseko.

Ukubaluleka Kwenkcubeko: Iifireworks zihlala zingundoqo kwimibhiyozo yehlabathi-iDiwali eIndiya, uSuku lweNkululeko yase-US, imibhiyozo yasehlotyeni yaseJapan kunye noNyaka oMtsha waseTshayina.

Impembelelo yeNkcubeko ePhambili

Iifireworks zifuzisela uvuyo, izinto ezintsha, kunye nomdla woluntu ngokukhanya kunye nesandi. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yabo engaqondakaliyo e-China ukuya kwindima yabo kulonwabo lwangoku, bayaqhubeka nokumanyanisa abantu kwiinkcubeko ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha amangalisayo ekwabelwana ngawo.